As weather temperature spikes, so does the risk of heat stroke in dogs. In this blog, we'll cover what heat stroke is, which dogs are at risk, and how we treat heat stroke at VEG ER for Pets.

What is heat stroke?

Heat stroke is defined as an elevated body temperature exceeding 104ºF, and is due to an inability to effectively dissipate heat. Here, we'll discuss the most common types of heat stroke in dogs.

3 main types of dog heat stroke

1. The first is what we think of as “classic” heat stroke, meaning that an animal is exposed to an excessively hot and humid environment.
   

2. The second type of heat stroke is called exertional heatstroke, which can occur due to excessive exercise, regardless of the ambient temperature.

3. Finally, heat stroke can occur due to secondary causes, such as uncontrolled seizures or tremors. 

Is your dog at risk for heat stroke?

Any dog can suffer from heat stroke, but certain pets are more vulnerable than others. It’s important to know your dog’s individual risk factors so you can take extra precautions—especially during warmer months or after intense activity.

Dogs at higher risk of heat stroke include:

• Brachycephalic or “smush-faced” breeds (like Bulldogs, Pugs, and Shih Tzus)

• Senior dogs and very young puppies

• Thick-coated or long-haired breeds, such as Newfoundlands or Bernese Mountain Dogs

• Overweight or obese dogs

• Dogs with pre-existing respiratory conditions, including laryngeal paralysis, collapsing trachea, or upper airway abnormalities

Flat-faced dogs are especially at risk because their shortened snouts and narrowed airways make panting less effective, meaning they can’t cool themselves as efficiently. Likewise, puppies and senior dogs often have immature or slowed temperature regulation, putting them at greater risk even during short outdoor sessions. Pre-existing health conditions—like heart disease, Cushing’s disease, or hypothyroidism—can also affect circulation and regulation, increasing the danger.

Even if your dog doesn’t fall into one of these categories, heat stroke can still happen. Always monitor your dog closely during hot weather, and when in doubt, contact your vet or head to the nearest VEG.

VEG ER for Pets is open 24 hours a day to care for dogs, cats, and all pets. If you are seeing signs of heat stroke, bring your pet to our hospital right away for immediate vet care.

Symptoms of heat stroke in dogs

Clinical signs of heat stroke in dogs include:

1. Collapse, labored breathing or excessive panting

2. Dull mentation - this can present as:

   1. being less alert

   2. confusion

   3. having a slow responsiveness to stimuli

   4. reduced appetite

   5. sleepiness or change in sleep patterns

3. Vomiting or diarrhea (either of which may be bloody)

4. Signs of bleeding, such as bruising on the skin or gums 

How heat stroke is treated at the vet?

Heat stroke varies in severity and can affect multiple organ systems, causing damage to the gastrointestinal system, kidneys, heart and lungs, and brain. It also severely impacts the body’s hemostatic system, causing prolonged clotting times and leading to hemorrhage. Which is why it's an emergency and a dog with heat stroke should be seen at VEG ER for Pets immediately.

Dog heat stroke is treated with aggressive supportive care, including:

1. Fluid therapy

2. Plasma transfusions to control bleeding

3. Blood pressure support

4. Gastroprotectants

5. Sometimes antibiotics if there is bacterial translocation from the intestinal tract

6. Anti-seizure medications if seizures are noted

The prognosis of heat stroke is variable and depends on the severity. In some cases, it is unfortunately fatal, regardless of treatment. 

VEG emergency veterinarians are available 24/7, even on holidays, to care for your dog and all pets, exotics too.

What to do if you think your dog has heat stroke

If you are worried that your dog is experiencing heat stroke, the best course of action is to hose your dog down with cool or tepid water and turn on the air conditioning in your car while on the way into a veterinary hospital.

Call the veterinarian’s office right away so they are prepared for your arrival.

Do not use alcohol to soak your dog; not only is it noxious to animals, but also poses a fire hazard if defibrillation is required. 

Early signs of heat stroke in dogs to watch for:

Heat stroke doesn’t happen all at once. Dogs will often show early signs of overheating before it becomes an emergency. Recognizing these signs early gives you a chance to cool your dog down and prevent full-blown heat stroke.

Keep an eye out for:

• Heavy panting that doesn’t ease up

• Drooling or thick saliva

• Bright red gums or tongue

• Pacing or restlessness

• Slowing down or refusing to continue activity

If you notice any of these symptoms, bring your dog to a shaded or air-conditioned area immediately, offer water, and contact your veterinarian. If symptoms worsen, contact your nearest VEG right away.

How to prevent dog heat stroke

Heat stroke is preventable but it requires awareness and timely action. Knowing your dog’s limits and adjusting their routine when the temperature climbs is the best way to keep them safe.

Never leave your dog in a hot car

Heat stroke alert: never leave a dog unattended in a vehicle on a warm day, not even for a quick errand. The temperature inside a car can rise by 20 degrees in just 10 minutes, even with the windows cracked. That spike is enough to put your dog in danger fast.

Take walks early or later in the day

Avoid mid-day heat and aim for early morning or late evening walks, when the sun is lower and surfaces are cooler. If you need to take your dog out during warm weather, here’s how to make it safer:

• Stick to shaded paths

• Bring plenty of water and offer frequent water breaks

• Avoid hot asphalt, which absorbs heat and can burn paws

• Watch for any signs of fatigue or discomfort

This is especially important for brachycephalic breeds like:

• Boston Terriers

• Boxers

• Bulldogs

• Frenchies

• Pugs

• Shih Tzus

These breeds can overheat even with minimal exertion, so limiting physical activity and sticking to cooler times is critical.

Keep cold water easy for your dog to access

Access to fresh, cold water is one of the easiest and most effective ways to prevent overheating. Make sure your dog has water at all times—whether you’re home, at the park, or on the road. On especially hot days, consider:

• Adding ice cubes to their bowl

• Setting up a shallow kiddie pool

• Carrying a travel water bottle or collapsible bowl for walks

• Placing water bowls in multiple shaded areas of your yard

Slowing down and refusing activity are signs of heat stroke in dogs. Read up on the symptoms and immediate vet seek help at VEG if you see your dog displaying signs of heat stroke.

If you suspect your dog has heat stroke, here's what NOT to do

Even with the best intentions, some common mistakes can quickly put your dog at risk. Avoid the following:

• Don’t rely on car air-conditioning alone. Cooling systems can fail, especially if the engine is off or the airflow isn’t consistent.

• Avoid walking your dog on hot pavement. Asphalt can reach dangerous temperatures fast and burn paw pads. If you can’t hold your hand on it for 5 seconds, it’s too hot for your dog.

• Never use alcohol or ice packs directly on their skin. This can constrict blood vessels and actually trap heat inside the body instead of releasing it.

• Don’t assume your dog will “self-limit.” Some dogs will keep walking or playing past their limits, especially high-energy breeds or pets who don’t show discomfort easily.

When in doubt, cool your dog down, cut activity short, and call your local VEG. Prevention is key and it starts with being prepared.

Get prompt help for your dog's heat stroke symptoms

At VEG, your pet’s health and safety are always our top priorities, which is why you can always call and speak directly to a veterinarian. If you have any questions or concerns, or if you suspect your dog is experiencing heat stroke, don’t hesitate to come in or contact us any time at one of our many convenient VEG locations.